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follow rubtic and prompt
must be in APA format
make sure to follow the rubric
Use evidence from one scholarly source other than your textbook or ATI book to support your answer. Use APA Style to cite your source.You must respond to at least two students in each prompt, on two separate days, each week for full credit. You may respond to a fellow classmate or you may answer a question I pose. They will both be counted as your required responses. When posting your peer responses, posts that are “Good job” or “Good post, I learned so much” type of response postings will not be accepted as substantial postings. To receive full credit you need to have a substantial response post. You need to either add additional information to another’s post, clarify information or provide examples which will prove the point. Do not ask another student a question as a response post. If you have a question, look up the information and share it with the class.Remember any information you post as a fact must be supported by evidence. When thinking about what information needs referenced, unless you did the actual research to discover the information, you must cite it. Even information you learned in other classes, this information came from some resource and you must give the author credit.
I want to stress that I will not give credit for “great post” types of posts or questions to other students. Do not just restate what someone else wrote and say you never knew that. I want you to be able to apply the content to your nursing practice.
You may need to do some extra work to post a good response post, but that is why you are here…..to learn.
The discussions are available to post in from Monday – Sunday. Do not post prior to Monday of the discussion week. Your initial post must be posted on or before Wednesday and your response postings must be completed by Sunday 1159 pm PST. To meet the participation requirements you must post on 3 days. No discussion posts will be accepted after Sunday.
1st discussion post: Valerie Lam
The primary characteristic of type 1 diabetes is the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, which results in complete insulin insufficiency. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors frequently trigger this decline, leading to hyperglycemia and the incapacity to control blood glucose levels. Conversely, type 2 diabetes is characterized by a complex relationship between insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance. The pancreas responds by producing more insulin at first, but eventually, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity cause beta-cell activity to drop, which results in a decrease in insulin output (Sapra & Bhandari, 2023). Obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition are some of the variables that contribute to insulin resistance, which causes reduced peripheral tissue uptake of glucose and increased hepatic glucose synthesis. Both kinds result in persistent hyperglycemia, which can have long-term negative effects on the neurological, cardiovascular, and kidney systems.
The dietary education strategy for people with type 1 diabetes places a strong emphasis on carb counting because controlling blood glucose levels requires accurate insulin dosage. Patients should be instructed to keep an eye on how many carbohydrates they consume and to determine how much insulin they require at mealtimes by using the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio. Encourage them to eat a well-balanced diet full of fruits, vegetables, lean meats, whole grains, and healthy fats; however, warn them against high-glycemic index items, which can quickly raise their blood sugar levels. To be consistent with insulin delivery, meal timing must remain constant. Additionally, patients need to be informed about the possible interactions between insulin and specific food elements, like binge drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, which can cause hypoglycemia in the presence of insulin. The goal of the type 2 diabetes nutritional plan is to control blood sugar levels by dietary adjustments, improve insulin sensitivity, and reach and maintain a healthy weight. It is advised to follow a heart-healthy diet that is high in fiber, low in saturated fats, and includes whole grains, legumes, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables. Mindful eating and portion control are also essential. If the patient is taking metformin, an oral medicine commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, they should be informed about the gastrointestinal side effects, which include nausea and diarrhea, and how to manage these by gradually increasing their fiber intake and drinking plenty of water. In order to improve insulin sensitivity and support overall metabolic health, patients should also be educated about the significance of engaging in regular physical activity in addition to their dietary choices.
Sources:
Sapra, A., & Bhandari, P. (2023, June 21). Diabetes. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/
2nd discussion post: Kiera Carrillo
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. It is where the body’s immune system starts to attack and destroy the beta cells that are producing insulin in the pancreas. The pancreas will make little to no insulin, which can lead to hyperglycemia. Without the production of insulin, glucose will not move into the cells to provide the body with energy, which can lead the patient to have an increased reliance on the storage of fat for the energy it needs to perform activities. This can lead the patient to develop ketoacidosis (Skyler, J. S., 2017).
Type 2 diabetes pathophysiology is insulin resistance. This is where there is a combination of insulin and the deficiency of the production of insulin in the pancreas. This is seen as a disease that you caused yourself due to the poor lifestyle you led, causing your pancreas to fail you. The pancreas will try to compensate by producing more insulin, but it will not last for long because the body will demand so much that it cannot keep up. The main risk factors for type 2 diabetes are obesity and the poor dietary habits of the patients (Skyler, J. S., 2017).
Nutritional education for patients with type 1 diabetes can include carbohydrate counting to ensure that the patients are getting the right amount of carbohydrates and to ensure that with the ingestion of the carbs, they will allocate the right amount of insulin injection. They should also have balanced meals when they do eat. Food containing whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats will ensure good nutrient-dense food groups. The medication interaction can be lispro, in which we can educate our patients about the timing of the medication in relation to eating their meals. This medication is a rapid-acting insulin that should be taken 15 minutes before they eat (Reynolds, A., 2024).
For type 2 diabetes, the nutritional education that we can provide the patients with is on how to improve their insulin sensitivity and control their blood sugar levels in relation to weight loss promotion. We can teach the patient about portion control by eating smaller meals with frequent meals to stabilize blood sugar levels. Making sure that if they are exercising, they do have a snack in case their levels start to drop. They can incorporate unsaturated fats like avocados, nuts, and olive oil, which can reduce saturated fats and trans fats, along with incorporating physical activity into the patient’s daily life. The medication that we can give patients with type 2 diabetes is metformin. We can educate our patients that when taking metformin, they should take it with their meals to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects. They should also increase the amount of water that they ingest. It can aid the kidney’s function and the metformin’s clearance (Reynolds, A., 2024).
Reference
Skyler, J. S., Bakris, G. L., Bonifacio, E., Darsow, T., Eckel, R. H., Groop, L., Groop, P. H., Handelsman, Y., Insel, R. A., Mathieu, C., McElvaine, A. T., Palmer, J. P., Pugliese, A., Schatz, D. A., Sosenko, J. M., Wilding, J. P., & Ratner, R. E. (2017). Differentiation of Diabetes by Pathophysiology, Natural History, and Prognosis. Diabetes, 66(2), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-0806Links to an external site.Reynolds, A., & Mitri, J. (2024, April 28). Dietary Advice For Individuals with Diabetes. Nih.gov; MDText.com, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279012/#:~:t…
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